IDN domains: every internationalized TLD, plus a Punycode checker

What makes a domain name an IDN

ICANN's glossary entry for internationalized domain name reads: "A domain name in which one or more of its labels contain characters other than ASCII letters, digits, or hyphens." The label can sit at any level. In пример.рф both labels are internationalized, while a name such as bücher.com is internationalized only in the second-level label and still ends in an ASCII extension.

Every IDN label has two forms. The U-label is the Unicode text, the form users expect to see displayed in applications. The A-label is the ASCII version that DNS actually stores; ICANN describes it as the prefix xn-- followed by a valid Punycode string, and Punycode is the conversion defined in RFC 3492. So the Russian country code .рф appears in the root zone as xn--p1ai, China's .中国 as xn--fiqs8s, Korea's .한국 as xn--3e0b707e and the Japanese generic .みんな as xn--q9jyb4c.

The ASCII form is also what counts against DNS length limits. RFC 1035 allows 63 octets per label, and an A-label is often much longer than the word it encodes: the 2-character .닷컴 (ICANN: "dot com") takes 12 characters as xn--mk1bu44c. The checker below shows the ASCII length of any name before you register it.

IDN TLDs by script

The script of each extension is read from the Unicode names of its characters. Han characters lead with 59 extensions, followed by Arabic with 32 and Cyrillic with 17. Across all 151 IDN TLDs, 23 different scripts appear. Two of the extensions are Latin-script names with an umlaut, .vermögensberater and .vermögensberatung.

How the IDN list grew

IANA's registration dates put the first IDN top-level domains on May 5, 2010: .امارات (United Arab Emirates), .السعودية (Saudi Arabia) and .مصر (Egypt). The Russian .рф followed on May 12, 2010 and China's .中国 on July 9, 2010. Every IDN in the current root registered from 2010 to 2012 is a country code. The first generic IDNs date from 2013, and all 90 generic IDNs now in the root appear on ICANN's list of delegated new gTLD strings. The busiest years were 2014 (33), 2015 (28) and 2016 (28). The newest IDN in the current root is .ישראל (Israel), registered on June 16, 2020.

The IANA database also keeps 19 IDN entries that are not in the root zone. 11 are test domains (IANA type "test") registered on October 19, 2007, such as .испытание and .テスト. The other 8 are generic IDNs listed as not assigned; 7 of them have an IANA revocation report, for example .大众汽车 (October 27, 2021) and .工行 (April 1, 2020).

India has the most IDN country codes

India holds 15 IDN country-code TLDs, one for each of the 15 languages that ICANN's Fast Track table lists for India: .ভাৰত (Assamese), .ভারত (Bengali), .ભારત (Gujarati), .भारत (Hindi), .ಭಾರತ (Kannada), .بارت (Kashmiri), .ഭാരതം (Malayalam), .ଭାରତ (Oriya), .ਭਾਰਤ (Punjabi), .भारतम् (Sanskrit), .भारोत (Santali), .ڀارت (Sindhi), .இந்தியா (Tamil), .భారత్ (Telugu) and .بھارت (Urdu). Singapore, the European Union, China, Sri Lanka and Chinese Taipei have two each, and every other country or territory with an IDN country code has one.

ICANN's glossary notes that a ccTLD can "represent a country or territory name in a script other than US-ASCII characters". Many IDN country codes spell the country name in a local script, such as .भारत (Bharat), while some use a short form, such as .рф (rf) and .бг (bg); the romanizations are the ones in ICANN's table.

Which extensions take IDN registrations

Registries lodge IDN tables with IANA. IANA describes them as tables "which represent permitted code points (letters) allowed for Internationalised Domain Name registrations in particular registries." On September 25, 2026 the repository held 11,113 table records covering 859 of the 1,438 delegated TLDs: 822 of the 1,128 generic, sponsored and restricted TLDs, but only 37 of the 309 country codes. 90 of the 151 IDN TLDs have tables of their own.

Among widely used extensions, .com and .net have 97 tables each, .org and .info 28, .app 25, .co 17, .shop 12 and .xyz 10. The top of the list is .bbva, .career, .hair, .name and .realestate with 103 each. Several country codes, including .de, .uk, .fr and .io, have no tables in the repository, so for those check the registry's own rules. The languages and scripts that appear for the most extensions are Spanish (534 TLDs), Japanese (498 TLDs), Chinese (495 TLDs), Korean (485 TLDs) and German (478 TLDs).

Sources and method

• IANA Root Zone Database and the per-TLD delegation records (type, manager, registration date), fetched September 25, 2026 between 19:35 and 19:55 UTC.
• IANA TLD list (Version 2026092500, Last Updated Fri Sep 25 07:07:01 2026 UTC).
• IANA Repository of IDN Practices (IDN tables), fetched September 25, 2026.
• ICANN IDN ccTLD Fast Track String Evaluation Completion (country and language of IDN country codes).
• ICANN new gTLD Delegated Strings (English meaning of generic IDNs).
• ICANN glossary: Internationalized Domain Name, A-label, U-label, Punycode.
• RFC 3492 (Punycode) and RFC 1035 (label and name limits).
• Method: every count on this page is computed by script from the saved files. The checker's Punycode code was tested against all 170 IDN labels in the IANA database and the RFC 3492 sample strings. Official names are shown as published, with curly quotes straightened.